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Temo Japaridze \u00a0Social Realism and Non-conformism<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Starting from the 1920s <\/sup>\u00a0the new socialist ideology enveloped the vast Soviet empire, together with Georgia as a part of it and became the only admissible rule of the being of society. The \u201cartistic style\u201d of socialist realism was established in the Soviet culture and in this ideologized space the genuine creative process \u2013 individual cognition and implementation of the world and the reality \u2013 was replaced by \u201ccollective action\u201d where the representation of human being or a situation was predetermined and authorized. A piece of art was itself an example for the reality. The art, instead of being an individual creative process, was specified as a priori stipulated result of collective thinking. An individual pulled into the life of huge collectives was dictated to have the ideas which allowed only simple and elementary symbolic. Individual consciousness vanished and collective consciousness came instead.<\/p>\n Ideological and cultural pressure of socialist realism equally applied all the republic members of the Soviet Union. The countries with deeper historical and cultural memory were harder to \u201ctame\u201d. After the World War II the situation slightly changed in the Soviet space. A little bit of liberalization of post-Stalin era created basis for abandoning the ideological pressure. In the early 1950s<\/sup> the art was one of the first means to make a protest against the government of Soviet system. By the end of the 1950s a qualitatively new stage of development commenced in Georgian culture. The driving force of this movement was a new generation already actively working in visual arts, cinema, literature or poetry.\u00a0 The young creative people endeavored to break the frames of ideologized culture and, together with Russian \u201cinformal art\u201d, made great contribution to the destruction of stereotyped machine of \u201cartistic style\u201d of socialist realism.<\/p>\n By the end of the 1950s<\/sup> the Soviet art was obviously divided into two opposing parts with official, licensed art, carrier of Socialist ideology or neutral, parlor art on one side and \u201cinformal\u201d art, non-conformism on the other. \u201cInformal\u201d art, still kept, until end of the 1915s<\/sup>, within the bounds, in the mid 1916s was obviously transformed into the artistic trend which was opposite to the socialist realism both in concept and in form.<\/p>\n In the 1960s<\/sup> the art having been taken out of general cultural context returned to the trend of logical development. General cultural, innovative quests merged with the peculiarities of regional culture and such merging resulted in the absolutely new understanding of culture and the artistic interpretation of ideas. It is noteworthy that in Georgian art such a phenomenon first revealed itself beyond the professional artistic space, in the works of Avto Varazi and Temo Japaridze. The art of non-conformism was oriented to the artistic experience of European modernism between C\u00e9zanne and surrealism. The rebelling artists tried to create their own, autonomous artistic and material world in opposition to the Soviet life regulations. They showed their being different from Soviet society by their art as well as by their lifestyle. They lived like hermits, did not involve in public life and rarely abandoned their \u201ccircle\u201d. They were consistent in rejecting official censorship as well as the utilization of art. This was a kind of \u201ccaste\u201d of \u201caliens\u201d in the Soviet society, and this \u201ccaste\u201d was immensely interesting whether it provoked aggression or admiration. That was why people were standing in endless queues for the vernisages of nonconformist art in Moscow, Leningrad or Tbilisi. Most of those exhibitions were closed by KGB till they were opened or some 3 or 4 days upon opening. Such event occurred at the well-known \u201cBulldozer Exhibition\u201d in Moscow in 1974 and at the exhibition of Temo Japaridze\u2019s pictures in Tbilisi though earlier, in 1968\u2026<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Temo Japaridze<\/strong><\/p>\n Temo Japaridze was born in Tbilisi on March 27, 1937 and spent all his life in that city. Deep and sad sense of the atmosphere and color of Tbilisi is one of the peculiarities of his works. This is the nostalgic sense of something elapsing, already non-existing and so very dear at the same time. Temo Japaridze entered the boys\u2019 school #12. Some time later the family moved to Khoshtaria Street in Vera district, and he had to continue in the boys\u2019 school 7 (now public school 53). It was his mother, Valentina Tugushi, who insisted that he should draw. His first drawing was the cover of a library book \u201cThe Children of Captain Grant\u201d by Jules Verne. A naughty and fidget boy happened to tear the book cover while playing with his mates. Then, induced by the reproaches of the librarians and the advice of his mother he drew a ship on the book-cover and received his first praise. Thereafter he did not touch a pencil or a brush for a long time. He was carried away by literature. As a teenager he got acquainted with a poet Anzor Salukvadze who lived nearby and who took Temo to the Vera Garden, the then meeting place for those who thought differently. It was the place where the artist\u2019s future friends used to gather, the people older than he, more experienced and full of anti-Soviet ideas: Shota Chantladze, Erlom Akhvlediani, Edisher Giorgadze, Besik Adeishvili, Irakli Ramishvili, Levan Malazonia, Guram Rcheulishvili and Zurab Kiknadze. The Vera Garden acted actually as an anti-Soviet club. \u201cSuch meetings became possible in the times of Khrushchev, during the so called \u201cThaw\u201d. Earlier when a policeman happened to see two men talking in the street he would promptly approach and order them to separate\u201d, recollects the artist. This was a period which had powerful influence on the shaping of Temo Japaridze\u2019s world-view and the forming of his literary and artistic activity. While yet a boy, he already sensed the faisehood reigning over country. The insincerity and the fear established in any field of social life arouse unconscious protest in him. He knew that \u201cThe Soviet Union should not exist\u201d. His relationship with young intellectuals and his participating in their disputes showed him the way out from such falsehood, and this way out for Temo Japaridze proved to be his own art.<\/p>\n He showed his first poems to Anzor Salukvadze and Shota Chantladze. \u201cHe told me something good\u201d, recollects the artist Chantladze\u2019s words, \u201csaying that he could see a feeling in my poems but no form. That was how my struggle with the form began\u201d. Of special importance for Temo Japaridze was the opinion of a young and talented writer Guram Rcheulishvili whom he often read his poems. Rcheulishvili liked those poems and induced him to write more. Guram Rcheulishvili\u2019s photo album contains Temo Japaridze\u2019s photo together with the photos of his other friends. The photo is printed with the inscription of Marina Rcheulishvili, Guram\u2019s sister: \u201cTemo Japaridze, artist, in his studio. Younger than Guram. Guram felt deep affection for him and appreciated his talent, his ability\u201d. Temo Japaridze had spiritual intimacy with the Guram Rcheulishvili who was the legend of the generation. That was why he worried so much about Guram\u2019s sudden death and chose to lead a secluded life from then on. Something very important and valuable came to an end upon the death of Guram Rcheulishvili for his generation. \u201cI lived a life of a hidden generation reflecting it in my poems and short stories\u201d, Temo Japaridze wrote later. Such a mood oblivious in his writings did not escape censor\u2019s attention. People at the editorial office of \u201cThe Tsiskari\u201d (Daybreak) magazine liked his poems but refused to publish them; they said the gloomy mood of the poems did not meet Soviet optimism. The building of a happy country and a happy society was the main myth of Soviet ideology. In the early 1960s Temo Japaridze took a short story \u201cThe Patriot\u201d to the same magazine and the editor-in-chief Otia Pachkoria greatly admired it. The story was sent to be published but soon the publishing of the issue was suspended. Later the same issue of the magazine was published again but without \u201cThe Patriot\u201d. In 1961 Temo Japaridze married Maguli Khurtsia and a daughter Lela was born to him. It was the period when something significant happened in Temo Japaridze\u2019s life which to some extent determined his track. A festival of French films was held in \u201cThe Spartacus\u201d cinema. The film about Modigliani acted as a creative urge for ardor for painting: \u201cIn that unjust environment I was amazed by Modigliani\u2019s courage to express his unfortunate love; this is something everyone wishes to do but somehow it seems impossible in reality. The Femininity expressed in an unusual form and the strong spirituality of men had great influence on me. My love to Modigliani also helped me to dare to start painting\u201d. Yet he had always been inclined to painting. In the 1960s<\/sup> the ideological pressure and the terror went down and the \u201cinformal\u201d art began to gather itself up but the \u201ciron curtain\u201d remained fully descended and the information about the western art was still scant. Any contact with the western art gave a valuable chance to learn it. Temo Japaridze graduated from the faculty of English Language and Literature at the Tbilisi State University. He did not receive any special education as an artist. He familiarized himself with the trends of modern art from the catalogues of reproductions purchased by his friends. Pictorial art allowed him to communicate with the public, to disclose his ideas and thoughts. The exhibition held in the University assembly hall in 1964 where his pictorial portraits influenced exactly by Modigliani were exposed brought him his first success and his first confrontation with the officials. Viewers\u2019 admiration alternated with criticism although he had done nothing peculiar except for the only thing: the people portrayed by him lacked the Soviet pompousness. Artistic images created by Temo Japaridze were distinguished by their lyricism and emotionalism. Official criticism called the exhibition anachronistic. The estimation was paradoxical yet adequate for the epoch: \u201cLook closely to Temo\u2019s paintings, to his people. Will such slender, feeble folk be able to build socialism and communism?!\u201d Although there were some radically different appreciation from the people whose opinion he valued. Shalva Amiranashvili, director of the Museum of Fine Arts, defended the young artists at the discussion which took place after the exhibition: \u201cWhy speak of anachronism and bourgeois world?!\u00a0 This is a talented painting born in the Georgian soil\u201d. An outstanding painter Lado Gudiasvili, wrote later: \u201cI viewed the exhibition of paintings by a young artist Teimuraz Japaridze in the University assembly hall. I was amazed by his talent and instantly yielded to the brilliant works exposed on the wall; and small wonder because our motherland is rich with talented young people. Temo Japaridze has undoubtedly found his image in the painting. He always manages to use colour, to build composition and to display topic with his habitual skill. He reproduces modern times in art quite convincingly, with artistic inventive talent which allows him to observe the required preciseness and correspondence while displaying events and images\u201d.<\/p>\n In the second half of the 1960s<\/sup> Temo Japaridze took an interest in abstract art. He became involved in studying the structures of artistic images in the trends of contemporary Western art. His works show an understanding of the tendencies in abstract and surrealistic arts and the interesting variations in attaching new perceptions thereto. The artist introduces new pictorial forms and elements in his painting trying to express \u201cthe real feeling of the essence by means of generalized forms and colour spots\u201d. In 1968 Temo Japaridze, with the aid of his friends, exhibited his works in the building of the Committee of Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries. It was only natural that one of the first exhibitions of abstract art in the Soviet space aroused keen interest of the KGB. At that time \u201cformalistic\u201d quests in art did not mean selflessness any more, but still demonstrated <\/span><\/em>one\u2019s position against the system and the uncompromising trend in seeking some new pictorial language. The exhibition was closed in 3 days but it was the first appearance of Temo Japaridze as a talented, original artist in the space of Georgian art \u201cThe KGB banned the opening of the exhibition but people still managed to view the paintings: although the door was closed the wave of people\u00a0 broke in more than once\u201d, recollects the artist.<\/p>\n Temo Japaridze is a searching artist and his art is an experimental art. In order to fully express his thoughts and ideas he is in continuous search of new ways, new forms and well material which allow him to comprehend the theme as well as to \u201cmanipulate\u201d, to \u201cplay\u201d with pictorial or object surfaces. In 1972 the artist created an example of three-dimensional surface painting \u201cThe Last Supper\u201d, whose fate was tragic indeed. The artist recollects: \u201cA friend of mine, writer Tamaz Chkhenkeli, landed me his yet unfinished flat on the fourth floor on Khilian street. It was the place where I was working on \u201cThe Last Supper\u201d. I was already considered a \u201csuspect\u201d and the KGB often used to hand about\u201d. The theme of the Last Supper contains the deepest layers of human feelings and worries. The technological progress of the 20th<\/sup> century brought in the devaluation of the values having being formed during centuries and the neglect of the significance of a man as an individual, all of these resulting in the nihilism which now dominates in the society. As for Temo Japaridze he sees a man as the center of the universe. The principal things he seeks in a man are internal beauty and merit as well as spiritual immaculacy. That was why this theme in \u201cThe Last Supper\u201d was so significant for him and its artistic embodiment so impressive. After the canvas was finished it was kept in the garage of the artist\u2019s friend, Malkhaz Gorgadze, and many interested people, foreingners inclusive, used to come to view it. A Western German paper even published an article \u201cChrist in the Garage\u201d. Georgian writer and critic Otia Pachkoria wrote: \u201cthe picture, whether liked or disliked, arose fair feelings of respect and reverence in viewers\u201d. Unfortunately, \u201cThe Last Supper\u201d was burned down together with the \u201cArtist\u2019s House\u201d during the civil war of 1991-1992. In 1988 this work, at the initiative of Temo Gotsadze, Director of the \u201cArtist\u2019s House\u201d, was exposed at Temo Japaridze\u2019s personal exhibition. The exhibition was a great success. The painter exposed the art full of many-year creative search: abstract compositions, relief paintings, \u201cDark Paintings\u201d, landscapes, still lives, pictorial and graphic portraits. The artist\u2019s concept of the essence of the universe and of the eternal problems of human relations which he expressed in the pictorial language was a serious statement of modern and intelligent artist with an original style in Georgian art. There is no external action or movement expressiveness in his works but the author\u2019s artistic order of figurative or formal means makes itself felt beyond this \u201csilence\u201d and conveys the inner energy and expression of artistic images. This was the artist\u2019s first vernisage in the official exhibition space which brought him his first official acknowledgement. Temo Japaridze ranks in the new Georgian Art as recognized master of nonconformist art and an original, talented artist. During subsequent years Temo Japaridze took active part in the exhibitions held in Georgia and abroad.<\/p>\n Temo Japaridze has many-sided talent. His sphere of interests involves literature alonqside with painting. During recent decades the collections of his stories and poems as well as his essays, have frequently been published, and everywhere the main thing for Temo Japaridze as an author and an individual is the faith in man, the faith in kindness and in high moral standards.<\/p>\n Temo Japaridze sees art as his message to the public while the humane concept of his \u201csilent picture\u201das the artistically embodied creative world of his personality. \u201cIf I manage to reveal myself though my painting to at least a single man in such a way that he could find no falsehood in me, have confidence in me and devote his attention to me I will consider that I have truly established myself as an artist. I dream to offer shelter, warmth and love devoid of all sorts of craft if only to one man in my paintings,\u201d Temo Japaridze writes.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0Just because I have so frequently watched how the weak are trampled <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n I have deep doubts in the truth of many of such things that are called <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n progress and civilization. I believe in the civilization even in our time <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n but in the one in which is based on true humanity.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n Vincent Van Gogh, Letter to Theo, his brother<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Hague, 11 May, 1882<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Temo Japaridze\u2019s artistic view is based on philosophic understanding of the being and the highlighting of individual significance of a man. The credo of his art is to transform his inner feelings into artistic forms\u201d. Artistic act is the act of exposure of the essence of the world and the immaterial merging of a man (creator) with such essence, the demonstration of love\u201d.\u00a0 In contrast to the clich\u00e9d art typical for an authoritarian regime the artist accomplishes the artistic embodiment adequate to his personal feeling and offers absolutely different realizarion of a form or an image at different stages of the development of his art. The only thing unchanged is the artist\u2019s attitude towards the world which always remains rather individual and deeply conceptual. Temo Japaridze\u2019s art is characterized by the diversity of artistic interests and the urge towards innovation. The artist\u2019s subject of matter, often identical in many of his works from conceptual point of view, is undoubtedly distinguished in modern Georgian art with respect to the unexpected and bold solutions in style, form or image. His pictorial art develops year by year acquiring new kind of perception. The plastic principles of his painting gradually form, aspiring from capacitive and relief to linear and plane <\/span><\/p>\n In the beginning of his creative work Temo Japaridze was devoted to the abstract painting, surrealism and collage. In the abstract painting he tried to create a certain individual system of colors and forms. Sometimes based on the artistic trends of geometrical abstraction he builds a rhythmically organized structure and sometimes produces an impression of dissociation of a form by applying peculiar color solutions. In some cases the expressiveness of compositions is achieved through the plasticity and texture of color spots and paint strokes which sometimes implies the use of pointillism. The most impressive is the group of compositions where the artist creates the plastic order with a dynamically movable design of musical notes, keys and strings. In those works the objective of the artist is to \u201cplay music with plastic forms\u201d. Rational arrangement of pictorial elements, restrained colorfulness and really musical rhythmic of form and color in their integrity make the artistic structure which is rather interesting and original. The plane arranged with geometrical forms naturally implies the compositional structure predetermined by the artist although at the same time it contains a great deal of improvisation. The abstract art is the tool for mastering material and form for the artist. However Japaridze creates his own system of abstract art. The surrealistic \u201cmethod of comprehending the incomprehensible\u201d is exposed in a group of works of that period. \u201cEven the abstract forms are recognizable because the indefinite shapes create the artistic environment where the artist expresses his subjective, instinctive feelings\u2026 The oddities of the surrealists are also recognizable. They just wish their recognizable forms to provoke the sense of something strange, inconscious, dreamy, unstable, vague wild and illogical\u201d. The artist\u2019s improvisations on people and people\u2019s feelings in those cimpositions are transformed into impressive artistic images. The features of \u201cmetaphysical\u201d figures are often outlined only with the black holes of their eyes. The figures reproduced by means of simplification and deformation brought to the sketchiness of forms create the secret world of \u201cstrangers\u201d which is always accompanied by the feeling of alarm. In those works the author never concretizes the environment. The background of figures is either neutral or shown as an abstract composition created by means of large strokes which intensifies the expressiveness of the works. In the late 1960s<\/sup> such compositions already occur as independent paintings among the works of the artist. It was the dark colour used in those compositions that later inspired the \u201cDark Painting\u201d, the most important cycle of pictures in his work.<\/p>\n The creative development of Temo Japaridze from the 1970s<\/sup> until now has been full of unexpected and original experiments. The artist is in permanent search of new graphic means and materials to artistically embody his world outlook and position. In the late 1960s<\/sup> this search revealed itself in the most complex synthesis of painting, sculpture, collage and pop-art elements. Pictures were transformed into a kind of three-dimensional material object and acquired relief. The 3-D pictorial compositions, high reliefs (portraits and thematic compositions) were the innovation in the Georgian art. By these works Temo Japaridze was creating new aesthetics in the Georgian visual art. In his series \u201cVolume and Colour\u201d the artist deviated from pure abstraction and this was quite natural because the main idea of Temo Japaridze\u2019s works was the priority of material world, man and his surrounding object substance, i.e. the creative process of humanization of man\u2019s goodness and of object world\u2026 The deep psychological insight of an artistic image in the hollow reliefs of Temo Japaridze and original manner of performance create peculiar expressiveness. In those hollow reliefs, the concreteness of artistic images coexists with the abstractness of sculptural and plastic forms. These searches of the artist became evident in a big picture \u201cThe Last Supper\u201d (1972). \u201cArtistic method of the 3-D interpreted by colour\u201d, this was how the artist called his work. By means of specific material and particular expressiveness of artistic images he managed to deeply and convincingly disclose the theme. The contrasts between plane and 3-D forms create the peculiar dramatic dynamics of the picture.<\/p>\n In the 1970s<\/sup> Temo Japaridze reverted to purely pictorial language although his attitude to the world and the man remained the same. Eternal human values and Gospel concepts are the basis points of Japaridze\u2019s works. His \u201cDark Painting\u201d is the empathy with the universe expressed by colours and forms. This is the philosophical and pictorial opus of the artist where the inner drama of the society aggrevated by the Soviet regime and the existential feeling of human solitude in the universe are reproduced with laconic pictorial means. \u201cThose people whom I have painted in dark were ousted from the Soviet space; they were lost and thrown away. They were distinguished by the full absence of pursuits but in spite of indigence they were not miserable due to their dignity and strong personality. In those pictures reality became more tangible. I tried to expose the real life of Georgia by representing the informal environment of Tbilisi. This was my dream and I still do not know whether or not I have achieved it\u201d. The generalization of forms, the simplification and conventionality of images, dark colours, nuanced with the greyish-blue and the gold create an intimate and sad atmosphere. The plastically developed faces of people looking from the dark surrounding and as if illuminated with some inner golden light create sense and colourful accents and establish direct contact with viewers. The colour and deep psychological insight of artistic images determine the tension of the artist\u2019s world tacitum through time which is so tangible for viewers.<\/p>\n For Temo Japaridze the artistization of model means its abstract form cleaned from any descriptive supplementary elements where the main structure of a thing or an object is represented. It is the artist\u2019s subjective will that specifies the options of interpretation of the object. The \u201cplay\u201d of form and colour on the plane is never the end in itself for him. The main thing is to realize spiritual layers of a main thing is to realize spiritual layers of a man or distinctive versions of the object world by applying those means. The artistic version of Japaridze conditions the dramatic character and lyricism of his images. This sense acts as the main feature of his pictorial reality. In spite of the living troubles, injustice and aggression reining in the contemporary world the kindness and human values still exist illuminating the human and the object world with inner light. Temo Japaridze\u2019s theoretical speculation about art and its purpose is one more proof of his searches in the painting: \u201cThe more difficult the realization of spiritual purity in the life the more desirable and vital it is because a person who has stepped on the path of spirituality feels that the main essence of love is the love of spiritual purity\u201d.<\/p>\n In the late 1970s dramatic \u201cDark Painting\u201d was replaced by \u201cLight Painting\u201d. This, of course, does not only mean the change of the palette but is a significant feature expressing the artist\u2019s attitude towards the world. The main themes of the artist\u2019s works are the most complicated collisions of the coexistence of man and world but here, while interpreting the reality, the dramatism is accompanied by the mood of poetry and lyricism.<\/p>\n The portrait images by Temo Japaridze are characterized by high level of generalization. The artist focuses on the abstraction and simplification of from, but he still preserves the characteristic features of a model, its individuality and uniqueness. Every person is an independent world for the artist. In his portraits the subjective description of the model is accompanied by the artist\u2019s attitude as very warm, emotional and lyrical. The colour of pictures is determined by the brown array enriched with the gold nuances where small accents of light colours create vivid effects. The paint layer is thin and sometimes the canvas structure fulfils pictorial function. The improvising character of painting manner intensifies. Unlike the plastic processing of the images of the \u201cDark Painting\u201d the compositional solution of the images of the \u201cLight Painting\u201d is distinguished by linearity and plainness. The expressional means \u2013 flexible line, expressiveness of silhouettes and melancholic character of images \u2013 approximates these works to Modigliani\u2019s aesthetics. The stylistics characterizes the series of still lives and landscapes made during that period. A real object, a thing often represented in a transformed and stylised way always preserves visual recognizebility which introduces concrete human emotions in the picture. In still lives the artist selects every object very carefully. On the one hand, it is a simple object with its typical, specific artistic feature represented with the usual Japaridze manner, but on the other hand, we can obviously feel that every object wether this is an umbrella, a cup with broken handle or old boots has its own story and shares the artist\u2019s mood and thoughts with the viewer. Even the simplest everyday thing in his still life arises the feeling of special significance and spirituality. A thing is not only the artistic sign of a real object the carrier of a certain conceptual source, while the character acts as the indicator of the time and the artist\u2019s attitude and relation hereto. \u201cBy means of the world of things the man has created the second nature, the geometrical and structural reality. It bears all human features and reflects the human features not only because it is the product of the human, but because it is full of the human relations and the time. A thing bears the earmarks and stories of those people to whom it was related to. These stories contain mysterious traces and melancholy. I try to reproduce a thing as an integral component, an element of composition of still life; I try to create the artistic silence adequate to a thing which will be full of humanity.\u201d<\/p>\n The urban landscapes of Temo Japaridze are characterized by the expressiveness of theme interpretation. The colours of Old Tbilisi sites and its unique coloration are reproduced in the compositions full of deep lyricism and sadness. His pictures dedicated to Tbilisi are always distinguished by wonderful comfort and unique charm of this or that corner of the old town which seems an ordinary town from the first view. The minimalism of expressive language of Temo Japaridze is based on the generalization of theme and artistic image, the strong specific form and the restrained colours. The coloration created with small blush-silver and tiny golden spots enriched with colorful nuances, creates the twinkling, almost vibrating surface of the picture.<\/p>\n Temo Japaridze has never been satisfied with his achievements. His artistic and textural experiments are audacious and unexpected while the result always carries strong emotional drive. Experiments with materials, coexistence of deformation, stylization, grotesque and humour in the pictorial and formal structure of compositions are as well as the stylistic and expressive diversity of artistic images give the dynamics and sustainability of Japaridze\u2019s works of the 1990s<\/sup>. The uniqueness of his pictorial language is determined by laconism and exactness. By laconic pictorial; tools he performs the artistic realization of his own ideas through such solutions which are surprising and interesting for viewers.<\/p>\n In the portraits performed in the 1990s<\/sup> the artist uses a new material- he crumbled canvas as the ground for painting. It enables the artist to reproduce new intonations of his vision. The crumbled canvas creates a confrontational background. Pleats and chaps of the canvas symbolically reflect the devaluated and hardened world while the human face looking out of this soiled environment is its pure soul. The artist uses textural peculiarities of the fabric and the exact pictorial and conceptual features of an object. The white primed canvas crudely attached to the dark brown frame is pleated and split so that the brown chaps appear under the chalky prime. The maximum restrained set of compositional elements and the colouration based on the pure white colour of the canvas background and greyish-brown colour of figural images provide adequate artistic realization of the painter\u2019s concept. It offers the convincing, original artistic version of the author\u2019s aim. The series of still lives and landscapes is performed in the same style. Compositions of the series \u201cStanding the Fallen\u201d painted in the late 1990s <\/sup>are the metaphoric images of the being where some people are always standing and others falling. To realize this theme the artist deliberately applies to the artistic, pictorial and compositional structures typical of primitive art.<\/p>\n The conventional and two-dimensional solution of compositions, deformation of forms, use of fantastic shapes and inscriptions give a certain naivety to those works revealing at the same time a peculiar ironical attitude of the author. One more interesting experiment of the artist is attributed to the same period. Back in the beginning of his creative activity Temo Japaridze made a small sculpture inspired by Alberto Giacometti. In the 1990s Japaridze attached the figures performed in the same manner to the plane and created a new variant of relief picture. The dark and light abstract figures with oblong limbs of the pleated canvas wrapped round the artist offers new options of reproductions of people, their feelings and emotions. In the series \u201cNew Odyssey\u201d \u201cthe main concept of the artist is created by a figure of a man in action standing on a wheel. Today Odysseus means a contemporary seeking person. That figure standing on the wheel drives here and there in the logical and illogical spaces. He seeks the invisible space beyond the form as well as the depths of various expressions of the being. Unlike Odysseus he tries to enter the inner human world. The sought concept is a simple pictorial feature. It is small and perceived with humour\u201d. The interpretation of theme is illogical and even tragic to some extent like the reality itself which unfortunately also illogical. This pictorial thought of Temo Japaridze actively involves the viewer in the process of perception of the picture and the interpretation of the theme and thus making him the confederate of his own ideas.<\/p>\n Temo Japaridze is one of the first and prominent and original artists representing Georgian nonconformist art. Any of his works is an answer of the most complicated questions of man\u2019s being in the universe. The philosophical speculation about being and the destiny of a man is the main text of his works. The conceptual basis of Japaridze\u2019s works is always acute and actual while their artistic solution is immensely interesting and original. His \u201cpicture is silent and innocuous. It is hung on the wall inconspicuously waiting for those people who are able to emphasize with the wordless emotions, those who avoid public hubbub and are seeking for the smile of inner essence of the world which means a simple but unselfish love\u201d.<\/p>\n Nana Shervashidze<\/strong><\/p>\n Art Historian, PhD<\/span><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text disabled_on=”off|off|off” admin_label=”Language Menu = GEORGIAN” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ vertical_offset_tablet=”0″ horizontal_offset_tablet=”0″ z_index_tablet=”0″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” link_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” ul_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” ul_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” 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header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Georgian” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ vertical_offset_tablet=”0″ horizontal_offset_tablet=”0″ text_orientation=”justified” hover_enabled=”0″ z_index_tablet=”0″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” link_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” ul_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” ul_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” ol_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” ol_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” quote_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” quote_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u00a0\u00a0 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8<\/strong>\u10eb\u10d4<\/strong> \u00a0\u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dc\u10dd\u10dc\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d8<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n \u10e2\u10dd\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10df\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 <\/em><\/p>\n \u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd-\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10dd \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 <\/em><\/p>\n \u10e1\u10d8\u10d5<\/em>\u10e0<\/em>\u10ea\u10d4 \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u00a0 \u201e\u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u201c \u10d9\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e5\u10ea\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e1, <\/em><\/p>\n \u10e0\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0.<\/em><\/p>\n \u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d6 \u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8 \u201e\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8. \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10de\u10dd\u10e5<\/strong>\u10d8\u10e1 <\/strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u201c<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n 1920-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e5\u10ea\u10d0. \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u201e\u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u201c. \u10d0\u10db \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10d8\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ed\u10d4\u10e8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10e1 – \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u201e\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u201c, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d8\u10ea \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d6\u10e0\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0. \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1. \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8, \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8. \u10e3\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d4\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1. \u10e5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1.<\/p>\n \u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10dc\u10d4\u10ee\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d4\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da \u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10de\u10e3\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10e6\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da-\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10ee\u10e1\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1, \u10db\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u201e\u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u201c. \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd \u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0. \u10de\u10dd\u10e1\u10e2\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d4\u10de\u10dd\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10da\u10d8\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ec\u10dc\u10d4\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3. 1950-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10ea \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2. 1950-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10de\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd. \u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10da \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e5\u10ea\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10e3\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8, \u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10ea\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da \u201e\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u201c \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e3\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u201e\u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u201c \u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10e2\u10d8\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10e5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n 1950-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10dd\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d3. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8, \u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc \u10dc\u10d4\u10d8\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u201e\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u201c \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 – \u10dc\u10dd\u10dc\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d8. \u201e\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u201c \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea 1950-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da \u10e9\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10e3\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4 1960-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10e3\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10ea\u10d4\u10de\u10e2\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10dd \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n \u0425\u0425 \u10e1-\u10d8\u10e1 60-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc. \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10d5 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e1. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10e0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0. \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10ef\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0. \u10dc\u10dd\u10dc\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d4\u10d6\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4. \u10db\u10d4\u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10dd\u10ee\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8, \u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1. \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10dd \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3 \u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10ea \u10d0\u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d3, \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5 \u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u201e\u10ec\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u201c, \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1, \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u201e\u10e3\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0\u201c \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u201e\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u201c, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3 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\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea, \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4, 1968 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1, \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10ef\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4<\/strong> \u00a0\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/span>\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da \u10db\u10ea\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d7 \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc; \u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8, <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10db\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc, \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10ea 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\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0. \u10e3\u10d1\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d3, \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10e3\u10e0 \u10de\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1. \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10ef\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10da\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10db \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d8 \u10e3\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10e5\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d9\u10d5\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd: \u201e\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 – \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8, \u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc?!\u201c \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e3\u10d6\u10d4\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d0\u10da\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0: \u201e\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10df\u10e3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d6\u10d4 \u10da\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8?! \u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da \u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d2\u10d6\u10d4 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d8\u10ed\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u201c. \u10da\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd \u10d2\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0: \u201e\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d4 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0. \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10db\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da \u10d1\u10e0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10dd \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d8\u10ed\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7. \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10ef\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10d3 \u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4 \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e8\u10da\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10e0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10db\u10e3\u10d3\u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7. \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d5\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3. \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d8\u10ed\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd \u10e1\u10d8\u10d6\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10e2\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u201c.<\/p>\n 1960-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10ef\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d1\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10da-\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d1\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10df\u10e6\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10ed\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d5\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7. \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1. \u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e1 \u201e\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u201c. 1968 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10ef\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4\u10db \u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0. \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d1\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d1\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e3\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10e1. \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u201e\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u201c \u10eb\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ec\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10de\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 3 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0. \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd \u10e1\u10d8\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10ef\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10dc\u10d8\u10ed\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8, \u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10db\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u201e\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0, \u10e3\u10e8\u10d8\u10e8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10db\u10d0, \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e1\u10e3\u10d9\u10db\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10d9\u10e0\u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10db\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10dd – \u10e9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10e6\u10d0\u10db \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10db\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u201c. – \u10d8\u10d2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8.<\/p>\n \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10ef\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4 \u10db\u10d0\u10eb\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0. \u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e5\u10e0-\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10d3\u10d0\u10db \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e1, \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d4\u10eb\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7 \u201e\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u201c, \u201e\u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10e1\u201c \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1. 1972 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 – \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u201e\u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10dd \u10e1\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u201c. \u10d0\u10db \u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d0\u10ea \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0. \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1: \u201e\u10e9\u10d4\u10db\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0, \u10db\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6 \u10e9\u10ee\u10d4\u10dc\u10d9\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10e3\u10e9\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4, \u10db\u10d4\u10ee\u10e3\u10d7\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d6\u10d4. \u10d0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e5 \u10d5\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d8 \u201e\u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10db\u10da\u10dd \u10e1\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u201c. \u10e3\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4 \u201e\u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10ed\u10d5\u10dd\u201c \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d5\u10d8\u10e7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10dc\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u201e\u10d9\u10d0-\u10d2\u10d4-\u10d1\u10d4\u201c-\u10ea \u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d4\u10db\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1\u201c. \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10db\u10da\u10dd \u10e1\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ea\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e6\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. XX \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10e6\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d8\u10f0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d8\u10d0. \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10ef\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0. \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8, \u10e3\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e6\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10ec\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d4\u10eb\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u201e\u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10db\u10da\u10dd \u10e1\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u201c. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d8 – \u10d0\u10db\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10ed\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8. \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6 \u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10ee\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e3\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10ea \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10d1\u10d4\u10ed\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7 – \u201e\u10e5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10ee\u10e8\u10d8.\u201c \u10dd\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0 \u10de\u10d0\u10ed\u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8, \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0: \u201e…\u10db\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8, \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10ec\u10e0\u10e4\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d8\u10ec\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0.\u201c \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ec\u10e3\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3, \u201e\u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10db\u10da\u10dd \u10e1\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u201c 1991-1992 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8, \u00a0\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd \u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1, \u201e\u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u201c \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d0. \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d8, 1988 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1, \u201e\u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u201c \u10d3\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0 \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10d2\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10ef\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, 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\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0 \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10ef\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4 \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10db\u10ee\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3 \u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1. \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10dc\u10d4\u10da \u10d0\u10d7\u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10d1\u10d4\u10ed\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10ef\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 – \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7, \u10e0\u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d6\u10dc\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0.<\/span><\/p>\n \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10ef\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u201e\u10e9\u10d4\u10db\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1\u201c \u10f0\u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10ea\u10d4\u10de\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d8 – \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd: \u201e\u10d7\u10e3\u10d9\u10d8, \u10d7\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d4\u10db\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d7\u10db\u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d4\u10db\u10e8\u10d8, \u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10d5\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d7\u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10d5\u10da\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e9\u10d4\u10db\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0. \u10d5\u10dd\u10ea\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea \u10db\u10d8\u10d5\u10ea\u10d4 \u10e9\u10d4\u10db\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d1\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u201c. – \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10ef\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4.\u00a0<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3 <\/em>\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db, <\/span><\/em>\u10e0\u10dd\u10db <\/em>\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4 <\/em>\u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 <\/em>\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1, <\/span><\/em>\u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0 <\/em>\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc<\/em><\/p>\n \u10e1\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, <\/span><\/em>\u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc <\/em>\u10d4\u10ed\u10d5\u10d8 <\/em>\u10db\u10d4\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 <\/em>\u10d1\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8 <\/em>\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 <\/em>\u10ed\u10d4\u10e8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n \u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea <\/em>\u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10e1\u10d0 <\/em>\u10d3\u10d0 <\/em>\u10ea\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 <\/em>\u10e3\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc. <\/span><\/em>\u10db\u10d4 <\/em>\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc <\/em>\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8\u10ea <\/em><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/span><\/em>\u10d9\u10d8 <\/em>\u10db\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0 <\/em>\u10ea\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1, <\/span><\/em>\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db <\/em>\u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1, <\/span><\/em>\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea <\/em>\u10ed\u10d4\u10e8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2<\/em><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/em>\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d7\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d0 <\/em>\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n \u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2 \u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8. \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10eb\u10db\u10d0\u10e1, \u10d7\u10d4\u10dd\u10d3\u10dd\u10e0\u10e1.<\/strong><\/p>\n \u10f0\u10d0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0. 11 \u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8. 1882<\/strong><\/p>\n \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10ef\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d4\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ea\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10d0. \u201e\u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 (\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1) \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e0\u10ec\u10e7\u10db\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u201c. \u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10df\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d8\u10de\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8, \u10d9\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10d3 \u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d9\u10d5\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10de\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1. \u10e3\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 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\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1, \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10ea\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e3\u10d1\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d0-\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u201e\u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u201c \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8. \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10ef\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e6\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10e4\u10e1\u10d8\u10e5\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10da \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10d0\u10e5 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10de\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10de\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d1\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10f0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u201e\u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10db\u10da\u10dd \u10e1\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u201c (1972). \u201e\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u201c – \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4 \u10e3\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8. \u10db\u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10eb\u10da\u10dd \u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10e4\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e6\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0. \u10e1\u10d8\u10d1\u10e0\u10e2\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10d3\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0.<\/p>\n 1970-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10ef\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10d5 \u10e3\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1. \u10e3\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d8. \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e6\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8. \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ea\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u201e\u10db\u10e3\u10e5\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u201c \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ea\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0-\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10de\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8\u10ea \u10eb\u10e3\u10dc\u10ec\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10e0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10df\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10eb\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d8, \u10d4\u10d2\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8: \u201e\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u201e\u10db\u10e3\u10e5\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u201c \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1, \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e7\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10e3\u10d0\u10e1\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7. \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10ea\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e6\u10d8\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10eb\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db \u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d5\u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10ed\u10d4\u10e8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10dd\u10ea\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10eb\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d5\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u201c. \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 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\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d0. \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10db\u10e3\u10d3\u10d0\u10db \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d8\u10d5\u10dd\u10e1\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1. \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10ef\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10e1\u10ef\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10e3\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d0: \u201e\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10ec\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10db\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10e3 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e1\u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10ec\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u201c.<\/p>\n 1970-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10da \u201e\u10db\u10e3\u10e5\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u201c \u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u201e\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u201c. \u10d4\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0, \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10de\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0. \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d0. \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d0\u10e5\u00a0 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10d4\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10da\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1.<\/p>\n \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10ef\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10d8\u10d7 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d1\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10f0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d0. \u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10d1\u10d8\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 – \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, \u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10da\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d8. \u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10dd\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd 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\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0. \u201e\u10db\u10e3\u10e5\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u201c \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10de\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u201e\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u201c \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0 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\u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u00a0 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 1990-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10ea\u10dd\u10ea\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ed\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10da\u10d0\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d6\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1. \u10eb\u10e3\u10dc\u10ec\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10e0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10e0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1.<\/span><\/p>\n 1990-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e1 – \u10d3\u10d0\u10ed\u10db\u10e3\u10ed\u10dc\u10d8\u10da \u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d3. \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10dd\u10ed\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10dd \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5 \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1 \u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1. \u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10ea\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d0, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4 \u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d6\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8. \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7-\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10ea\u10d4\u10de\u10e2\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1. \u10d7\u10d4\u10d7\u10e0\u10d8, \u10d3\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10dd, \u10e3\u10ee\u10d4\u10e8\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10e5 \u10e7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10dd\u10d6\u10d4, \u10d3\u10d0\u10ed\u10db\u10e3\u10ed\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e1\u10d9\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10ea\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d7 \u10e7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1. \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e3\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da \u10d7\u10d4\u10d7\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d8\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10e3\u10ee\u10dd-\u10e7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1, \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10ea\u10d4\u10e4\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d9\u10d5\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1. \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da, \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10d4\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10df\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0. 1990-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 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\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10ea \u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ea\u10d3\u10d0 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10eb\u10d7, \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e6\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e6\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10e1,\u00a0 \u10d0\u10dc\u10e3 \u10e3\u10d1\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10dd, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10e3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd \u10e1\u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10eb\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc\u201c.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10db\u10ea\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" English\u00a0\u00a0\/\u00a0\u00a0Georgian\u00a0 Temo Japaridze \u00a0Social Realism and Non-conformism Starting from the 1920s \u00a0the new socialist ideology enveloped the vast Soviet empire, together with Georgia as a part of it and became the only admissible rule of the being of society. The \u201cartistic style\u201d of socialist realism was established in the Soviet culture and in this ideologized […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":987524128,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"project_category":[170],"project_tag":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baiagallery.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project\/987524469"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baiagallery.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baiagallery.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/project"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baiagallery.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baiagallery.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=987524469"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/baiagallery.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project\/987524469\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":987524511,"href":"https:\/\/baiagallery.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project\/987524469\/revisions\/987524511"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baiagallery.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/987524128"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baiagallery.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=987524469"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"project_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baiagallery.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project_category?post=987524469"},{"taxonomy":"project_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baiagallery.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project_tag?post=987524469"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}<\/a><\/h1>\n
English<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\/\u00a0\u00a0Georgian<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n